The Growth of California in the Late 19th Century and the Development Essay

The Growth of California in the Late nineteenth Century and the Development of a Unique State History - Essay Example Change wanted California starting in the nineteenth century. Recently claimed by Mexico, at that point the Spanish as an outcome of Spanish development towards the Pacific, in 1848 the land transformed from the Spanish2, and in 1850 it was admitted to the Union of the United States of America3. In spite of this, enthusiasm for the state by Americans was not prompt, and it took until close to the furthest limit of the nineteenth century for the updates on ‘merchant adventures’ to arrive at the ears of Americans, and for them to start to build up an interest with the state4. This adjustment in statehood was of pivotal significance, as under Spanish guideline, homesteaders of California were confined from exchanging with the Americans. Be that as it may, as a result of the need of the exchanging, and the challenging of the Americans, exchange frequently occurred in spite of the restrictions5. A second power that struck in the nineteenth century was the gold rush which start ed in 1849. This brought about the fast relocation of a lot more people that would typically happen over the span of settlement. Men, ladies and youngsters voyaged a huge number of miles of risky and obscure landscape for the expectation California and the guaranteed wealth advertised. The gold was by all account not the only driver, for California offered a huge flexibly of game, regular assets and numerous possibilities6. In May of 1869, another great advance was made; the Central Pacific Railway was finished. The tracks traversed the United States from the East toward the West, connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. This achievement implied huge changes for California, bulls were done intersection the territory conveying exhausted voyagers, and the populaces at the mines were decreasing. Rather the urban areas and horticulture started to develop significantly, with vagrants going to the state through the railroad7 (Cleland †394-396). The last change which set Califo rnia allowed to develop as a state and to frame its own history and future was the revise of the constitution of 18798.By this time the state was at that point developing quickly, and was perceived among the ten most urbanized states inside the United States, with its agrarian ability developing at a quick rate9. The constitution created in 1949 was incredible, and the constitutions of 21 different states were counseled when concluding how to word the constitution. It spoke to a total dismissal of all the legitimate frameworks that had happened in California preceding it turning into a state10. The 1879 change of the constitution based on this, turning into a solid report, and enabling California to push ahead as a state. The period between the mid and the late nineteenth century was a time of fierce change for California. Before it even joined the Union, the Spanish state had encountered an outrageous flood of transients from all through the nation as an outcome of the gold rush an d the longing for a superior land to settle. The progressions fusing the developing state into the new Union just as the expansion association through the rail framework, and the modified constitution gave California the space to develop and to create as a state in its own right, shaping its own novel history. Catalog Cleland, R. G. A History of California: The American Period, The Macmillan organization 1922). Pincetl, S. S. Changing California: A Political History of Land

Law Torts in economic sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law Torts in monetary sense - Essay Example Law Torts in monetary sense The worth that the law comes up as far as property and fortune are for the most part controlled by financial aspects. The law mostly involves settling on choice and giving rules concurring which the financial exercises can work. Without law individuals could direct their business without discipline, in this manner it acquires discipline the field. To talk about the connection between the two ideas we will examine the fundamental segments of law which incorporate; law of torts, law of agreement, law of property and the ideas of equity. Law Torts in monetary sense This is any unjust demonstration done to an individual thus coming about into misfortunes and hence the individual is at risk to some remuneration because of the misfortune caused. Tort laws are the most accidental not at all like the criminal laws. The tort laws might be partitioned into two classifications either purposeful or careless torts. Torts that outcome to careless incorporate activities that address immaterial asse ts connected to an individual for example encroaching someone’s security, while purposeful including involving and expanding on someone’s real estate parcel. Law of agreement and the financial aspects This is a lawful official between at least two individuals. The law generally perceives these ties and any break of these legitimate ties could prompt one be charged in an official courtroom. The law of agreement incorporates the way toward purchasing and selling of items, and marking to long haul providing understandings among organizations and individual providers. (Princeton and OverDrive, 2013). Law of property and financial aspects This law involves the possession by a unique individual of anything that is of worth. This law attempts to draw out the connection between the individual and the item. The significant things to this law are ownership and move of possession. Ownership basically involves to be set up in people whose ownership a specific property has a place, while move of possession is taking the responsibility for specific individual to someone else (Princeton and OverDrive, 2013). Ideas of equity and financial aspects Justice is doing well as indicated by the general public, there are a few ideas to equity, these incorporate; social recognition, the results and the procedures in question. In many social orders they have, their own impression of what is simply and what isn't advocated, the view of assault can be legitimized in certain social orders while a few social orders don't engage the bad habit by any means. Equity is judged relying upon the results of a specific activity. The outcome from a specific activity could lead one to check whether it is supported or not. The more regrettable the results the more they are not supported by the general public. The means associated with doing a specific activity additionally decides whether the activity is advocated or not (Princeton and OverDrive, 2013). In many nations, laws are enacted by demonstrations of parliament. Consequently implies that the most impressive and dynamic body in any state is the assembly. This normally clarifies why a few laws are unique in relation to different nations. Most states make their laws relying upon the crucial vision proclamation of the given nation. Religion additionally assumes a major job in the assurance of the laws of a specific nation. This is on the grounds that religion assumes a major job in the life of nay living person (Princeton and Over

Performance Assessment and Gifted Students Essay

Execution Assessment and Gifted Students - Essay Example Study shows that understudies of nowadays are practically changing the old training framework due to having the option to get a handle on thoughts quick and without any problem. In spite of the fact that not all understudies are skilled and capable, huge numbers of them can exceed expectations in other various fields at school. With libraries having been joined in the learning educational plan, understudies have utilized the offices and have concocted their own exploration plans and undertakings. The libraries likewise urge understudies to concentrate in front of their instructors, where they utilize an assortment of materials separated from the typical class notes given by their educators. Research shows that talent can be found in all societies and can be communicated in various manners. Each individual ordinarily has some concealed potential which, whenever given a little push could be released. This is on the grounds that in spite of having the endowments and gifts, a few underst udies may very well sit on them without making any move to abuse them. It is in this way the explanation that instructors, guardians and gatekeepers should observe the talented understudies and post for the undiscovered concealed capacity in them (Sarouphim 277). To begin with, one must receive a more extensive perspective on the possibility of knowledge, skill, and gifts that goes past the scholarly exhibition of an individual and which incorporates a wide assortment of human capacities. Prior to starting the procedure, it is additionally essential to focus on the various types of skill that exist in a person. These may incorporate; new skill, potential talent or high-potential skill (Calero, Belen and Robles 176). The creators additionally gave that the motivations to having this technique was on the grounds that the skill or inventiveness level in an individual was likewise influenced by other outside components other than the individual’s own capacities. Such incorporate; the socio-natural factors, which may either obstruct or enhance the capacities. This is chiefly because of the way that the earth with which an individual experiences childhood in can, as it were, influence how the individual in question misuses their gifts. Study shows that individual’s execution could be influenced by social and natural variables, particularly those in underrepresented networks (Sternberg and Reis 142). The degree to which an individual endeavors their capacities is additionally said to rely upon their sex. This is enormously influenced by the examination results which show that men are supposed to be more capable than ladies and, consequently, their presentation it regarded to be likewise better (Gorman and Kmec 841). This broadly influences the mindset of ladies and along these lines, not many of them will abuse their endowments and abilities. Else, others will sit on them and do nothing because of dread. Research likewise demonstrates that the exhibitio n of ladies will likewise be influenced by the way that nobody focuses or thinks about their concealed capacities. Execution evaluation of verbal and math accomplishment in understudies demonstrated that the degree of skill in understudies likewise varied as far as sex. By utilization of the Internal/External Frame Model, (I/E Model) the two guys and females were seen as likewise talented in the manner that they shaped their verbal and math self-ideas. Be that as it may, the aftereffects of their scores were seen as totally extraordinary. Female understudies were seen as additional

Relationship between Leisure Activity and Life Satisfaction Essay

Connection between Leisure Activity and Life Satisfaction - Essay Example (Ragheb and Griffith, 1982). In spite of the fact that these two are particular, life fulfillment is to some degree identified with brain and recreation is identified with physical angle however they share a relationship. In this article I have concentrated on these couple of inquiries; (a) what recreation exercises are taken by individuals (b) How various individuals take an interest in various exercises (c) What is the connection between life fulfillment and relaxation action (d) Are barely any relaxation exercises firmly related then others to life fulfillment The information is totally identified with the United States populace and is taken from the enumeration of the USA government. From all the information I have assembled, it's discovered that recurrence of cooperation in recreation exercises additionally contrast by sex, age and pay levels. Besides there is a positive connection between's relaxation movement and life fulfillment. The movement hypothesis which expresses that the more noteworthy the recurrence and closeness of action, the more noteworthy the existence fulfillment; and the requirements hypothesis which alludes to the hypothetical systems which imply that when people fulfill their necessities, this thus has healthy impact on abstract prosperity which prompts life fulfillment; (Diener and Lucas 2000) have been utilized in this article. Aside from the bustling lives, individuals need recreation subsequently they fascinate themselves in various relaxation exercises. As indicated by the US statistics of 2007 out of the absolute populace, 1,255,897 million were joining in and taking part in different recreation exercises. The table 1 underneath shows this; Action Members over the most recent a year/1 Number(000) % Grown-up instructive courses 13462 6.1 Go to appears/craftsmanship exhibitions/music and pony race 106796 48.4 Backgammon 3675 1.7 Cooking/preparing/grilling 125588 77.2 Billiard/pool/table games/chess/puzzles 97581 44.1 Feathered creature observing 12498 5.7 Book club/perusing books and funnies 97390 44.2 Show on radio 6997 3.2 Feasting out 107456 48.7 Electronic games/PC games 63282 28.7 Engage companions/family members 90197 40.8 Game association 6192 2.8 Fly kites 5219 2.4 Furniture resurface/home design/wood work 44245 20 Go to bars/sea shore/theater/gallery 149346 67.7 Karaoke 9142 4.1 Model creation 3501 1.6 painting/drawing 15146 6.9 Photograph collection/scrapbook 17782 8.1 Photography 28340 12.8 outing 22426 10.2 Play bingo/cards/instruments 77228 35 Random data/video/words game 59737 27 Zoo participation 27081 12.3 Source: Mediamark explore. New York, N.Y, As indicated by the table individuals are associated with various relaxation exercises; all indoor and out entryway. Individuals have various states of mind which set up their method of picking a recreation movement. Life fulfillment is achieved by various individuals in various manners thus unique relaxation movement gives individuals various degrees of life fulfillment. As appeared, individuals are generally keen on Cooking/heating/grilling and afterward the need is given to going to bars/sea shores/theater and historical centers. Minimal number of members are in model making. Hence dominant part of the US populace incline toward indoor action; remaining at home and including themselves in cooking/heating and grilling which gives them fulfillment; out of the populace second inclination is given to open air exercises which fulfill individuals. Indoor exercises like model

The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia

The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia Phobias Types Print The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 19, 2019 Scott Olson / GettyImages More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Wiccaphobia, or fear of witchcraft, was once a societal norm throughout much of Christian Europe and the United States. The period from the 14th century Inquisition through the witch trials of the 17th century was known as the Burning Times, in which witchcraft was a capital offense tried through the courts. Today, pagans and witches have religious freedom in most countries  but fears remain. Modern Wiccaphobia may have a connection to xenophobia, or fear of those who are different, as well as religious concerns. Wiccaphobia in History The Burning Times began with the 1487 release of the Malleus Maleficarum  or Witches Hammer. The book detailed how to convict and kill a witch and was popular in Europe through the late 17th century. Fear of witches also carried over to the English colonies in North America, where witchcraft was considered a capital offense. The most famous witch hunts occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, but a trial in Virginia brought the mass hysteria to light. In 1706, Grace Sherwood faced charges of witchcraft in Williamsburg, Virginia. Her trial, held at the dawn of the Age of Reason, brought to light the conflict between science and superstition. Witnesses testified that Grace caused ghosts to attack people, but the court was unconvinced by what it termed spectral evidence. Shortly after the trial, spectral evidence was officially banned from trials. What Caused the Burning Times? Witchcraft fever could be seen as a sort of mass hysteria. A deep misunderstanding of the nature of earth religions, coupled with plagues, droughts, and other hardships, likely led to the hysteria. As scientists began to make sense of the world around them, and education among the average population improved, the situation died down. Treatment During treatment, your therapist may want to explore the root of your fear and ask you questions, such as: Does your church teach that witchcraft is a sin, as many Evangelical Christian churches do?Are you afraid that you might be a witch, and if so, why?Do you believe that witches have the power to cause harm? If your fear is religious in nature, your therapist may want you to undergo spiritual counseling with your chosen religious leader in addition to or instead of traditional therapy. Xenophobia Some modern witchcraft fears have roots in xenophobia  or the fear of those who are different. If you lived in a small town, you may never have encountered someone who practices Wicca or another pagan religion. You may be afraid of their customs and practices or, more likely, the customs and practices that you assume they follow based on depictions in popular culture. Combating Wiccaphobia Although the earth-based religions are generally benign, they have been negatively depicted for more than 1,000 years. Wiccaphobia is generally complex, and may not be easy to treat. Successfully overcoming a deep-rooted fear of witchcraft requires an honest exploration of your own religious and philosophical background, personality, and childhood experiences. Look for an open-minded therapist who is willing to delve into your past and seek assistance from religious leaders. Research both ancient and modern-day earth-based religions, talk to those who practice those faiths and try to remain open-minded. Although you may never become fully comfortable with the practices of witchcraft, over time you can learn to overcome your fear.

The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia

The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia Phobias Types Print The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 19, 2019 Scott Olson / GettyImages More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Wiccaphobia, or fear of witchcraft, was once a societal norm throughout much of Christian Europe and the United States. The period from the 14th century Inquisition through the witch trials of the 17th century was known as the Burning Times, in which witchcraft was a capital offense tried through the courts. Today, pagans and witches have religious freedom in most countries  but fears remain. Modern Wiccaphobia may have a connection to xenophobia, or fear of those who are different, as well as religious concerns. Wiccaphobia in History The Burning Times began with the 1487 release of the Malleus Maleficarum  or Witches Hammer. The book detailed how to convict and kill a witch and was popular in Europe through the late 17th century. Fear of witches also carried over to the English colonies in North America, where witchcraft was considered a capital offense. The most famous witch hunts occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, but a trial in Virginia brought the mass hysteria to light. In 1706, Grace Sherwood faced charges of witchcraft in Williamsburg, Virginia. Her trial, held at the dawn of the Age of Reason, brought to light the conflict between science and superstition. Witnesses testified that Grace caused ghosts to attack people, but the court was unconvinced by what it termed spectral evidence. Shortly after the trial, spectral evidence was officially banned from trials. What Caused the Burning Times? Witchcraft fever could be seen as a sort of mass hysteria. A deep misunderstanding of the nature of earth religions, coupled with plagues, droughts, and other hardships, likely led to the hysteria. As scientists began to make sense of the world around them, and education among the average population improved, the situation died down. Treatment During treatment, your therapist may want to explore the root of your fear and ask you questions, such as: Does your church teach that witchcraft is a sin, as many Evangelical Christian churches do?Are you afraid that you might be a witch, and if so, why?Do you believe that witches have the power to cause harm? If your fear is religious in nature, your therapist may want you to undergo spiritual counseling with your chosen religious leader in addition to or instead of traditional therapy. Xenophobia Some modern witchcraft fears have roots in xenophobia  or the fear of those who are different. If you lived in a small town, you may never have encountered someone who practices Wicca or another pagan religion. You may be afraid of their customs and practices or, more likely, the customs and practices that you assume they follow based on depictions in popular culture. Combating Wiccaphobia Although the earth-based religions are generally benign, they have been negatively depicted for more than 1,000 years. Wiccaphobia is generally complex, and may not be easy to treat. Successfully overcoming a deep-rooted fear of witchcraft requires an honest exploration of your own religious and philosophical background, personality, and childhood experiences. Look for an open-minded therapist who is willing to delve into your past and seek assistance from religious leaders. Research both ancient and modern-day earth-based religions, talk to those who practice those faiths and try to remain open-minded. Although you may never become fully comfortable with the practices of witchcraft, over time you can learn to overcome your fear.

Heros Journey, Free Essay Sample

Heros Journey In the world of literature, several stories are connected with Joseph Campbells description of a heros journey. Joseph Campbell is known to be the founder of the heros journey archetype. According to Campbell, a heros journey begins when an individual leaves his home to travel to an unfamiliar world. The hero faces difficulties in the process that makes him stronger. He learns from his past mistakes and starts a new life in the new world as a changed person. The initial stage before transformation describes his ordinary life before he encounters difficulties. Throughout his journey, the hero undergoes many trials and tribulations. In each stage of his journey, the hero needs to find ways to overcome certain challenges. After going through several challenges, the hero eventually experiences a new beginning as a changed person. The final stage of the story is significant because the hero carries with him the many life lessons as he begins a new life. Joseph Campbell defines a hero as a strong person who motivates readers; the character enables readers to look at the positive aspects of any situation. Joseph Campbells definition of a hero provides a better understanding of the path heroes take; this is a concept found in several narratives, for example, ‘The Black Boy by Richard Wright. The black boy is a famous narrative about a young boy born in Southern Mississippi plantations. He struggles to achieve success after undergoing several trials in his journey towards success. The Black boy is an account of Richards childhood experience that highlights his journey into adulthood. At four years, Wright did not like his surroundings. Living in a strict household, with irresponsible men, he wanted a better life; this explains why he preferred reading instead of playing like other children did. He never liked the church doctrines; he felt he had to do something to change these beliefs. He felt out of place as he grew older. He met Jim Crow whose idea motivated him to pursue his dreams. Wright constantly fought against racism because many people looked down upon his intellectual capabilities. At a tender age, Wright’s father abandoned the family, and he was left to take care of his sick mother, live with his religiously obsessed grandmother and other relatives whom he did not like. Later, Richard ventured into the new world dominated by white to seek employment. In this new world, he had to fight racism and violence to survive. Richard always believed that the North was full of opportunities and gathered enough money to start a new life in Chicago. He faced the harsh reality that required survival skills; he was forced to obtain money through illegal means like stealing and lying and other things he did not like just to survive. He struggled to makes ends meet, but he did not give up. He continued his quest of becoming a better person. Even after settling in the north he did not have enough money to take care of his family, especially his mother. He later got a job at the post office. This opened several opportunities; he interacted with other white men who shared similar views about religion. Wright eager to make significant changes in his community joined several organizations participating in several events. He wanted to gain support from other blacks. Instead, he finds them to be afraid of changes. Wright is branded as an enemy and a counter-revolutionist. He is threatened and loses his jobs and lucrative positions. He decides not to fight back. Instead, he finds a better way to find racism using his writings to start a revolution. Richard Wright’s story is an example of a hero’s journey; it depicts the transformation of a young boy into adulthood. During his heroic journey, Richard discovers his true identity in a repressive society. Richard initially lives an ordinary life, his family struggling with hunger, extreme poverty and racism, which awakens his thoughts. He wants to find a solution to end these problems. He becomes an activist to defend his beliefs, promote equality, and fairness. In the story, Richard goes through several stages; however, his curiosity enables him to learn more about himself and the society. His childhood experiences push him to seek for a better life outside the ordinary life of hunger and poverty. Despite many obstacles he faced, he manages to succeed and live a freer and rewarding life in the North as a changed man. In his story, Richard Wright’s heroic journey is similar to Campbell’s idea of a hero’s journey. The suffering of his family and the many nights they went to bed hungry was always set in his mind, this enabled him to focus on his journey. He faced his obstacles with his head up upon realizing that success was not an easy path. As described by Joseph Campbell, a heros journey requires one to cross the first threshold by stepping outside the ordinary world to enter the unfamiliar world. Wright crossed this threshold when he realized he needed to find work to help his family. He overcomes racial discrimination to succeed. However, his call to adventure is met by the refusal of the call. Upon realizing that he is entering into an unfair world, he refuses to face reality and begins to take alcohol. Like a hero, Wright overcame his challenges in the new world to succeed in his quest for a freer world. Richard felt that the South did not strip him of life necessities. Instead, he embraced the lessons he learned in the South, taking them with him to the new place. Some of the new knowledge Richard gained from his life experiences and from the many books he read did not make him change his identity or abandon his roots. Richard learned from his past to make a better future. He wanted to live in a freer environment where everyone would interact freely. Like a heros journey, the story ends with a sense of hope.

What Is Neotraditional Architecture

Neotraditional (or Neo-traditional) means New Traditional. Neotraditional architecture is contemporary architecture that borrows from the past. Neotraditional buildings are constructed using modern materials like vinyl and mock-brick, but the building design is inspired by historic styles. Neotraditional architecture does not copy historic architecture. Instead, Neotraditional buildings merely suggest the past, using decorative details to add a nostalgic aura to an otherwise modern-day structure. Historic features like shutters, weather vanes, and even dormers are ornamental and serve no practical function. Details on the homes in Celebration, Florida provide many good examples. Neotraditional Architecture and New Urbanism The term Neotraditional is often associated with the New Urbanist movement. Neighborhoods designed with New Urbanist principles often resemble historic villages with homes and shops clustered together along quaint, tree-lined streets. Traditional Neighborhood Development or TND is often called neo-traditional or village style development because the design of the neighborhood is inspired by neighborhoods of the past—similar to neotraditional homes being inspired by traditional designs. But what is the past? For both architecture and TND, the past is usually considered before the mid-20th century when the sprawl of suburban areas became what many would call out of control.  Neighborhoods of the past were not automobile-centric, so neotraditional houses are designed with garages in the rear and neighborhoods have access alleys. This was the design choice for the 1994 town of Celebration, Florida, where time stopped in the 1930s. For other communities, TND may include all house styles. Neotraditional neighborhoods do not always have only neotraditional houses. Its the neighborhood plan that is traditional (or neotraditional) in a TND. Characteristics of Neotraditional Architecture Since the 1960s, most new homes constructed in the United States have been Neotraditional in their design. Its a very general term that encompasses many styles. Builders incorporate details from a variety of historic traditions, creating houses that might be called Neocolonial, Neo-Victorian, Neo-Mediterranean, or, simply, Neoeclectic. Here are just a few details you might find on a Neotraditional building: Complicated roof with several gables or parapetsTowers, cupolas, and weather vanesAwningsMock shuttersOrnamental bracketsHalf-timberingStained glass windowsPalladian windows, arched windows, and round windowsEmbossed tin ceilingsVictorian lampposts Neotraditional Is Everywhere Have you seen the New England chain supermarkets that look like inviting country stores? Or the drug store chain whose new building is designed to create that small town apothecary feeling?  Neotraditional design is often used for modern-day commercial architecture to create a feeling of tradition and comfort. Look for the pseudo-historic details in these chain stores and restaurants: Applebees RestaurantCracker Barrel Old Country StoreT.G.I. FridaysUno Chicago GrillRite Aid Pharmacy Neotraditional architecture is fanciful. It strives to evoke warm memories of a fairy tale past. Its no wonder, then, that theme parks such as Main Street in Disney World are lined with Neotraditional buildings. Walt Disney, in fact, sought out architects with specialties Disney wished to create. For example, Colorado architect  Peter Dominick specialized in rustic, western building design. Who best to design Wilderness Lodge at Disney World in Orlando, Florida? The team of architects chosen to design for these high-profile theme parks has been called Disney Architects. A return to traditional methods is not only an architectural phenomenon. Neotraditional Country Music rose to prominence in the 1980s in reaction to a popularization of the country music genre. As in the architectural world, traditional became something marketable, which immediately lost any notion of a traditional past because it was new. Can you be new and old at the same time? The Importance of Nostalgia When architect Bill Hirsch is working with a client, he appreciates the power of the past. It may be the design of an object in the house, he writes, such as the glass doorknobs in your grandmothers apartment or the pushbutton light switches in your great-grandfathers house. These important details are available to a modern audience—not salvaged pushbutton light switches, but new hardware that meets todays electrical codes. If the item is functional, is it neotraditional? Hirsch appreciates the humanizing qualities of traditional design, and finds it difficult to put a style label on his own house designs.  Most of my houses tend to grow out of many influences, he writes. Hirsch thinks its unfortunate when some architects criticize the new old house trend of neotraditionalism. Style comes and goes with the times and is subject to our individual whims and tastes, he writes. Principles of good design endure. Good architectural design has a place in any style. Designing Your Perfect House: Lessons from an Architect by William J. Hirsch Jr., AIA, 2008, pp. 78, 147-148Celebration - The Story of a Town by Michael Lassell, 2004

Office Art Memo - 2320 Words

Office Art Memo Rodolfo J. Nodal Prof. R. Henry HUM112 11/11/13 Abstract The following essay will identify three examples of each, 19th century Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings and seeks to explain how these works fall into the two distinct styles. I we will explain to my boss, who has assigned me the task of managing the art budget and selecting six works to be displayed at the new corporate office, the historical significance of each piece, a description of each piece; with images were possible, and it’s probable placement in a corporate office setting. I will also offer my thoughts as to how each piece is likely to be consistent with our corporate image. I will analyze some possible symbolisms and†¦show more content†¦This piece would be well suited and displayed in the executive conference room as it symbolizes the conviction of innovation in a clam controlled manner in line with targets as stated in our corporate mission statement. Impression, soleillevant 1872 Pierre-Auguste Renoir; (1841-1919) This piece viewed as one of Renoir’s most popular and cheerful canvases. It is known to have sold in 1923 for USD $125,000. to American collector, Duncan Phillips and recorded as the highest price paid for a painting at the time (Russell, 2008). Blending various genres, landscape, still life, and portraiture, Renoir depicts a social gathering of friends and colleagues at a favorite restaurant, the Maison Fournaise in Chatou, France. The use of light and color is nothing short of spectacular in this piece and adds to the cheerful and leisurely ambiance of the work. The composition is grounded and balance by the vertical and horizontal elements of the awning and the disbursement of the cast of members. The work is also symbolic of the changing times as a result of industrialization and the progressive rise of the Bourgeois and the charm of their social structures. This piece would show well in any office setting but is best suited for display in the main reception area for all to enjoy as it invokes one of the main target groups of the Travel Retail industry, that of leisure time. Le dà ©jeuner des canotiers 1881 Claude Monet;Show MoreRelatedOffice Art Memo Office Art Memo Office Art Memo Essays1090 Words   |  5 PagesOFFICE ART MEMO 1 Assignment #2: Office Art Memo, Brenda Roper Professor Lynn Wilson World Cultures II – HUM 112 March 3, 2013 OFFICE ART MEMO 2 The three impressionist painting I choose is Dance Class by Edgar Degas, Lunchon of the Boating Party by Piette Augustine RenoirRead MoreEssay about Office Memo1573 Words   |  7 PagesWHAT IS AN OFFICE MEMO AND HOW DO I WRITE ONE List these headings in your memo. Please do not forget to list the headings - Facts, Issue and Short Answer, Analysis, Counter-Argument, Rebuttal, and Conclusion. The office memo combines your ability to explain the law along with your ability to apply the law. In the Office Memo, you make a determination of the likely outcome based upon your review of the law and the facts in a case. In the memo, you will write about the facts in a clients caseRead MoreHum 112 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Project Paper1717 Words   |  7 Pagespurchase this Click here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hum-112-week-8-assignment-2-project-paper/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HUM 112 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 - PROJECT PAPER The Project Paper focuses on a suggested topic related to art, architecture, history, music, or literature. The project will reflect your views and interpretation of the topic. This project is designed to help you stretch your mind and your abilities to be the creative, innovative, and critical thinker you alreadyRead MoreHUM 112 Assigment 2 Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pages11/29/14 Abstract In this paper, I choose to discuss three pieces of art from the 19th century Impressionist period and three from the Post-Impressionist period and how these six pieces of art compare to each style. Then I will draft a memo to the CEO of my company to describe the appearance, so that they will have an idea of what the art looks like and where it should be placed throughout the corporate offices. Next, we are going to explain the historical significance for each piece of artworkRead MoreHumanities 112 Assignment1110 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 2: Project Paper Due Week 8 and worth 200 points The Project Paper focuses on a suggested topic related to art, architecture, history, music, or literature. The project will reflect your views and interpretation of the topic. This project is designed to help you stretch your mind and your abilities to be the creative, innovative, and critical thinker you already are! Choose one (1) of the topics from the list of topic choices below. Read the topic carefully. Write a three to fourRead MoreConsidered the â€Å"Mummy’s Curse, † a Series of Unexplainable, Unfortunate, or Tragic Events That Happened to the People Who Were Present at the Opening of Tutankhamen’s Tomb.1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Office Art Memo The Office Art Memo â€Å"Memorandum† Mario Williams Professor Alan Rodgers Humanities 112 8/15/11 Having to consider the choices both impressionist and post-impressionist, I have come to a decision. Three works from the impressionist period and three works from the post-impressionist period would be the best choice to make. I will deal with impressionist works in the paper first by identifying the impressionist and post-impressionist works.Read MoreHibb’s Web Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and treatment division. Christopher Hibbs, previously worked as a bookkeeper for the city of Sacramento, and currently hired to be an accounting manager for the West Coast division. Frederick Fontaine, the Manager of West Coast, has found a memo on Hibbs’ desk about doubt Alex was the person who cause fund missing since Alex was the director of accounting and finance. The unavailable communication between Alex Fuhrman and Christopher Hibbs caused Alex commence a libel suit against Hibbs andRead MoreInformation technology for managers1289 Words   |  6 PagesManager: He ather Furrow Senior Art Director: Stacy Jenkins Shirley Cover Designer: Lou Ann Thesing Cover Image:  ©Getty Images/Photodisc Technology Project Manager: Chris Valentine Manufacturing Coordinator: Julio Esperas Composition: GEX Publishing Services ISBN-13: 978-1-4239-0169-3 ISBN-10: 1-4239-0169-X Course Technology 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, includingRead MoreCity Symphony Orchestra870 Words   |  4 PagesCase: City Symphony Orchestra The City Symphony Orchestra is a branch of the Center for Performing Arts. It performs regular concerts throughout the year and has been reasonably profitable in the past. However, in recent years, concert attendance has been declining and the Orchestra is looking for ways to boost attendance. The traditional customers of the Orchestra have been the older and more affluent segment of the population that live in the suburbs. The recent boom in the high-tech sectorRead MoreResult of Diploma-in-Engineering14644 Words   |  59 PagesBangladesh Technical Education Board Office of the Controller of Examinations Agargaon, Sherebangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 Memo No. BTEB (EX-2)/667(Part-4)/463 NOTICE Date : 20-01-2011 12053 - Thakurgaon Polytechnic Institute ,Thakurgaon 2 2. It is to be notified all concerned that roll numbers who have failed in one or more subjects in the 6th Semester Final Examination of DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING, 2010 held in August - October, 2010 are listed below in accordance with the notification no

After slavery was abolished, African Americans never had...

After slavery was abolished, African Americans never had the same rights as other U.S. citizens. In the 1950s the civil rights movement came about in order to try to gain equality among all people in the United States. For the most part, there were three presidents that had the most impact on the civil rights movement; D. D. Eisenhower, J. F. Kennedy, and L. B. Johnson. During the events that unfolded in the time period that these three men were presidents, Kennedy impacted the movement the most, Johnson continued that success, and Eisenhower was silently opposed but made a few contributions to supporting the civil rights movement. President Eisenhower was elected into office in 1952 and began term in 1953-1961. During his term many†¦show more content†¦This whole time Eisenhower was president, but he silently did not agree with desegregation or civil rights. In the case of Brown vs. Board of Education he had appointed Warren to the Supreme Court, and the case was decided unconstitutional. When the Montgomery Bus Boycott was in effect, Eisenhower allowed troops to make sure that it stayed a peaceful protest all while still opposing civil rights silently. Lastly, in the case of the Little Rock Nine Eisenhower only intervened because of a political standpoint. When the Little Rock Crisis happened he sent troops to protect the black students from the protestors in order to keep them safe, but still did not support the decision to allow them to attend the school. After Eisenhower’s terms came Kennedy who became president in 1961. Unlike Eisenhower, Kennedy silently supported the civil rights movement. In 1961, the first group of Freedom Riders traveled on bus right after the Supreme Court outlawed segregation on public transportation. These Freedom Riders were attacked and beaten shortly after their first journey however. During this period, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a strong advocate and preacher for civil rights. Dr. King was arrested multiple times for protesting without a permit in many states and one of the most remembered was in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama.Show MoreRelatedAmendments846 Words   |  4 Pageshave had a major impact on the United States of America from the beginning. These three amendments have changed our country immensely for the better. The Thirteenth Amendment officially abolished slavery, and is still illegal till this day. The Fourteenth Amendment stated that if you were born in the United States of Amer ica you were officially an American citizen no matter race. The Fifteenth Amendment banned each government in the United States from taking away an american citizen’s right to voteRead MoreLincoln, Race, And The Spirit Of The 761247 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln was put into office March 4, 1861, and this would be the start of a significant change for America. Many people see Lincoln as one of the best presidents that was in office for America, but others have opposing views on how he was not the best president in office. In Lucas E. Morel’s, â€Å"Lincoln, Race, and the Spirit of ‘76†, he expresses, â€Å"Many people who consider Abraham Lincoln the greatest American president would be surprised to discover that he endorsed black colonizationsRead MoreThe Constitution Of The American South After The Civil War1369 Words   |  6 Pagesto the U.S. Constitution to adapt a regulation or expand on the rights of individuals and groups of peo ple. Two amendments that play a significant role in the United States Constitution to this very day are the 13th and 14th amendments. These amendments are known as the reconstruction amendments because the documents were important in implementing the Reconstruction of the American South after the Civil War. Their advocates saw them as transforming the United States from a country that was halfRead MoreThe Dred Scott And The Emancipation Proclamation And Civil War1280 Words   |  6 PagesDred Scott was an African American born into slavery who attempted to buy freedom for himself, but failed. Scott then sued for freedom and the case was taken to the Missouri courts however, he eventually lost at the Supreme Court level. This case was one of the most controversial topics in history, with several arguments regarding each standpoint. The Dred Scott case was a strong indication of the upcoming Emancipation Proclamation and Civil War. While there are many different controversies concer ningRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1728 Words   |  7 Pagesexertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals†. Slavery was a struggle that America had to overcome in the 1800s in order for America to progress. At the time, slaves were also going through hard times by getting separated from their families and going through excessive hard work on the plantations. Even though it was a struggle for the north, and the slaves, but not for the south since it was a benefit for them. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was put into the Presidential office and would have a majorRead MoreThe Civil Disobedience Of African Americans1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of African-Americans has come a long way through the years. They were first imported as slaves as property to do hard labor for their owners. With no freedom, they were forced to obey orders until a revolution appeared. It took a civil war to finally free blacks and to give them the right to be citizens of the countr y. It was then that the chains of slavery were finally broken, but the chain of discrimination still existed. Under racial segregation, colored people were not allowed toRead MoreEssay on Racism In America1586 Words   |  7 PagesRacism In America Racism (n): the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other race (Wordnet search, 1), a controversial topic in today’s society, a subject that many people try to sweep under the rug, but yet a detrimental problem that has been present in America since the colonial era. Will this dilemma come to a halt? Can all Americans see each other as equals despite their skin color and nationality; and what role has it played in past generations versus today’sRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War1892 Words   |  8 PagesReconstruction period after the Civil War is a prime example of a complete failure. The Reconstruction period consisted of many goals and ideas that Americans planned to achieve in their country after being torn apart from the Civil War. One of the main objectives was to rejoin all of the states to the union to help rebuild the South and help African Americans come back into society. It soon came to an end and was a com plete failure since Southerners would not abide by the laws of rights to former slavesRead MoreLincoln s Rights Of Slavery1730 Words   |  7 Pageshated slavery; he thought it was something cruel. He noticed that the nation started dividing because of this issue and he wanted to fix, at any cost. However he thought he did not the given power to end slavery and furthermore because the constitution protected slavery, yet he interfered with this institution after his 1860 election. Though Lincoln had no plan â€Å"to interfere† with slavery when the war started, by 1862 Lincoln understood that in order to save the Union and win the war, he had authorityRead MoreEssay on Slavery In Illinois1556 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery in Illinois This essay talks about the dated events that happened in Illinois, focusing on slavery, from the time it begun, whether it should be implemented or not, its abolishment, and up to the time it ended. The paper also contains a well-opinionated reaction about slavery, how it is different from today. The Civil War Period has always been the primary hub of teaching in any American History classes. The era between the American Revolution and the Civil War was of a great importance

The Artificial Intelligence Program For Integrating...

The Artificial Intelligence Program for Integrating English Oral Practice and Writing Skills Abstract Oral language proficiency is highly essential for all language learners because it is eventually the skill they mostly use to express their observations, analysis, outlooks and views. Oral interactions remain the primary mode of discourse throughout the world. The development of oral language skill is of major importance for the second or foreign language learners. In addition, English writing course has been found to be one of the most difficult subjects for most ESL/EFL English teachers. Writing or speaking short sentences is a complicated assignment for them. Researchers and educators are still in the process of probing deep for the best heal for such problems. Online chat rooms and referential websites give ESL/EFL teachers a chance to enhance the use of written and oral language among the learners. This highly developing technology is celebrated as a boon to communicate in an authentic way. This article will focus on the application of artificial intelligence in languag e teaching and learning. The application of artificial intelligence is found useful not only in engineering and medical fields but also employed in language teaching. A large number of studies have shown that computers and Internet are effective media for language teaching and learning (Van Handle Corl, 1998; Sebastian, 2003). This paper will briefly introduce the history of artificial intelligenceShow MoreRelatedDISSERTATION21474 Words   |  86 PagesAND ST JOHN Exploring the use of authentic materials with young adult learners focused to learn vocabulary. Dissertation submitted in part-fulfilment of the requirements for the University of Exeter B.Ed for Serving Teachers (Hons) English Language Teaching Beatriz Dà ­az de Contreras September 2003 BA/Bed Honours (Exon.) Abstract Although I have always liked to use authentic materials in class, I had never had the opportunity to make a survey and find out if there were realRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesand prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich ParisRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial ActivitiesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesIntroduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments 4 The Changing World of Technology What Is a Knowledge Worker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 OtherRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pages(MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizations or having people workingRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 Pages1332.14 and DODI 1332.30. It prescribes the policy and responsibility of command, which includes well-being of the force, military and personal discipline and conduct, the Army Equal Opportunity Program, Prevention of Sexual Harassment, and the Army Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program. Applicability. This regulation applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve, unless otherwise stated. During mobilizationRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesInvestment Perspective and Human Resources .... 2 HUMAN RESOURCE INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS ...6 INVESTMENTS IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ..... 14 INVESTMENT PRACTICES FOR IMPROVED RETENTION ............................................................ 32 INVESTMENTS IN JOB-SECURE WORKFORCES .......... 42 ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES ............................................................. 56 NONTRADITIONAL INVESTMENT APPROACHES ......... 58 SUMMARY...............................Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Resources Do Managers Use? . . . . . . . . . What Skills Are Needed by Today’s Managers? . What Are the Differences in Managing in For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations? . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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Essay on Business Decision Making - 794 Words

Introduction Thinking critically and making decisions are important parts of today’s business environment. It is important to understand how the decision making process works and the steps involved. The nine steps of the decision making process are: identifying the problem, defining criteria, setting goals and objectives, evaluating the effect of the problem, identifying the causes of the problem, framing alternatives, evaluating impacts of the alternatives, making the decision, implementing the decision, and measuring the impacts. (Decision, 2007.) By using various methods and tools to assist in making important business decisions an individual can ensure the decisions they make will be as successful as possible. In this paper it†¦show more content†¦When we came up with a decision to fix a problem the stimulation had a visual graph to use that examined different metrics of how our choices affected sales, workers, the cost and the company and whether the decisions would be su ccessful or unsuccessful. This visually allowed us to see the outcomes to our decisions and gives us more experience for the future decisions and way to succeed in our goals. All the techniques assisted in following the decision making steps including measuring the impact which is easily forgotten. It is very important to ensure our decision was effective and if it was not. Understanding why the decision was not effective and re evaluating the alternatives and the issues that come into play will help us identify what was missed or overlooked so the problem can get fixed. This also helps ensure the same mistakes are minimized, if not identified so the same issues do not reoccur and something can be learned for the future. The techniques of the stimulation measured the success of change and it provided feedback as to which measures. The simulation provided a usefulShow MoreRelatedBusiness Decision Making2235 Words   |  9 Pagesdata Task (2) 7-11 * Analysing data for business purposes Task (3) 11-14 * Information in appropriate formats for decision making Task (4) 14-18 * Using software-generated information for making decisions Conclusion 18 References 18 Introduction In business, making good decisions requires the effective use of information. Business Decision Making provides the opportunity of learning a variety of sourcesRead MoreBusiness Planning And Decision Making879 Words   |  4 Pagesare constantly making plans or making decisions. In morden business world, a plan has to be made if a new project been assigned, or there is going to have a major change in the direction of where the business will be reroute. A good plan will parepare us better for uncertainty, which can help to ensure the success in the future. Meanwhile, business decisions are constantly being made by managers at each management level. A good decision determines the fail or success of a business operation. No doubtRead MoreDecision Making For A Successful Business1663 Words   |  7 Pagesand decision-making are important skills for running a successful business. Management often utilizes problem-solving which often involves decision-making. These processes and techniqu es improve decision-making and the quality of decisions. Decision-making might come natural to some leaders, however, others should focus more on improving the quality of their decisions. Effective and successful decisions produce profitable businesses and unsuccessful businesses suffer losses. Corporate decision makingRead MoreMaking A Business Decision For Any Ceo Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesMaking a business decision for any CEO is easy, the main principle is to keep the shareholders happy by generating more revenue. The more money a company earns the more attractive it looks to the potential investor. Now, from history, we have learned that every CEO is not created equal and some use bad business practices to earn more revenue. So, laws were created to set guidelines, companies started to use risk assessment to see if a decision would lead to any legal recourse that would make themRead MoreUnit 6 Business Decision Making6350 Words   |  26 PagesName: HNC Business Tutor Name: Jeremy Oughton Assignment Name: Unit 6: Business Decision Making Unit 6: Business Decision Making Assist in the development of a Commercial Gas Safety Certificate Business Index Introduction Page No. 1.1 Create a plan for the collection of primary and secondary data for a given business problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Read MoreMaking A Tough Business Decision902 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of decisions to make during their careers. Making a tough business decision could be difficult, especially when you know many will be affected by it. Regardless of how difficult the decision could be, a successful leader cannot sit around being uncertain about what to do, they will quickly make a decision and communicate their goals to others. At times, it is not about making the right decision, but just making a decision. Every leader is different, therefore they have different decision makingRead MoreBusiness Decision Making FINAL3261 Words   |  14 Pages3: 7 Questionnaire: 7 Task # 2.1 2.2: 8 Data analysis: 8 Task # 2.3: 11 Measures of dispersion: 11 Task # 2.4: 12 Quartile, percentile and correlation coefficient calculation: 12 Task # 3.1: 14 Task # 3.2: 16 Task # 3.3: 17 Task # 3.4: 18 Formal business report 18 Task # 4.1: 18 Information processing tools: 18 Task # 4.2: 20 Task # 4.3: 22 Financial tools: 22 Reference: 23 Task # 1.1: Introduction: Dunkin Donuts restaurant is one of the world’s largest companies in fast food industry, which dealsRead MoreLevels Of Decision Making Within A Business2192 Words   |  9 Pages â€Æ' Contents Levels of Decision Making 2 Strategic 2 External 2 Internal 3 Tactical 3 External 3 Internal 3 Operational 4 External 4 Internal 4 Information Systems 4 Executive Information System 4 Decision Support System 5 Transaction Processing System 5 Legislation 5 Data Protection Act 1998 5 Computer Misuse Act 1990 5 Communication Systems 6 Local Area Network (LAN) 6 Wide Area Network (WAN) 6 Intranet 6 Threats to Security and Security Procedures 7 Trojan Horse Virus 7 Phishing 7 Spam 7 InformationRead MoreMaking Business Decisions Should Be Simple, Right948 Words   |  4 PagesMaking business decisions should be simple, right. However, relationships with stakeholders can make business decision complicated. Stakeholder relationships are a key factor to running a sustainable organization. In business as well as life there are always those grey areas in decision making. This is where ones Morals and ethics come into play when making decisions. Is there a moral or ethical dilemma that can arise when exposing stakeholders to whom you have close personal or professionalRead MoreUnit 6 Business Decision Making Essay4217 Words   |  17 Pageseffectively for business purposes Representative values: mean, median, mode; calculation from raw data and frequency distributions using appropriate software; using the results to draw valid conclusions Measures of dispersion: standard deviation for small and large samples; typical uses (statistical process eg control, buffer stock levels) Calculation: use of quartiles, percentiles, correlation coefficient 3 Be able to produce information in appropriate formats for decision making in an organisational

Journal Article Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Journal Article Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Journal Article Analysis In the current business environment, organizations have started to focus on sustainability. The objective of this paper is to discuss a journal article in the field of sustainability. The article is, Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance. The article is written by Stefan Seuring and Stefan Gold. This article was published in the journal of cleaner production in the year 2013. In the article, authors discussed the issue of sustainable management from the perspective of stakeholders of the firm. Authors started the article with the initial hypothesis that firms can truly practice the sustainable development only when it has the support of different stakeholders and leaders should avoid the conflict among different stakeholders. The initial hypothesis in the article is followed by the following question: Stakeholder interests in an organization can be quite varied, and there may be many times when these interests do not coincide. What is the best way for a for-profit organization to manage these conflicting needs? How a for-profit organization manage the differing interests of their stakeholders is critical to the success of their organization and sustainable development activities taken by the organization. In the articles, authors brought forth that managers of for-profit organizations must ethically consider the interests of all stakeholders when making organizational decisions for sustainable development. When for-profit organizations acknowledge the interests of all stakeholders they are setting ethical standards of respect, honesty, and fair treatment to all. Authors added that stockholders are the legal owners of for-profit organizations. Therefore, these groups of stakeholders are unique in that they have a legal right to the decisions that are made in the organization. Lastly, the government regulators for these stockholders have an obligation to protect their rights. It is unfortunate that some non-profit organizations or formalized causes contort corporate realties to further agenda s. At times, international corporations find themselves entwined in a battle with a less than scrupulous non-profit organization or group seeking to push agendas at all costs and regardless of the truth. According to authors corporations must adjust their sustainable strategies when dealing with campaigns that are questionable and/or are combative in nature. Authors highlighted that the best way for for-profits to manage conflicting stakeholder needs is to deliver profits to shareholders while still balancing stakeholder interests and balancing a balanced business perspective. Another way to maintain a balanced business perspective is to maintain their roles to the community/ societal stakeholders while applying social and ethical standards within the corporation internally through corporate governance controls. Corporate social responsibility is one of the fastest growing areas of reputation management yet still one of the most understood as well. It is so misunderstood because several theories influence CSR and sustainability. For instance, there is a constant battle between whether maintaining shareholder interests and profit maximization over stakeholder interests (i.e. relationships, building trust and loyalty to all partnerships involved will take place versus a balance between the two. A balance must be met between stakeholder app roach/ theories over shareholder approach/ theory. The critical evaluation of the article would suggest that article is written in an effective manner. One of the good things about the article is that authors have not made their opinions in the article. Instead authors have used extensive literature review to highlight the facts. The issue of sustainable development and stakeholders interest is an important issue and through this article, authors have tried to answer the issues in this area. I agree with the authors that corporations should use strategies to refocus stakeholders toward the organizations vision. Taking a collaborative approach by involving stakeholders in the sustainable development process may keep attention toward the vision and conflicting personal interest of stakeholders may become secondary. It is important that the organizations should realize that the conflict would always exist where there are various stakeholders involved. It is the effective management of the conflict that is of paramount importance to ensu re continuity and maximization of profit. Findings also suggest that those stakeholders with like-minded interests will work harder towards achieving a common and sustainable goal. Those stakeholders that differ should be brought together in a collaborative effort to attempt to gain a joint consensus. This article is an interesting article to read as it discusses the various contemporaries approach and theories of management and sustainable development. References Seuring, S., Gold, S. (2013). Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, 1-6.

Fanhrenheit 451 Essay Example For Students

Fanhrenheit 451 Essay For more than half a century science fiction writers have thrilledand challenged readers with visions of the future and future worlds. These authors offered an insight into what they expected man, society,and life to be like at some future time. One such author, Ray Bradbury, utilized this concept in his work,Fahrenheit 451, a futuristic look at a man and his role in society. Bradbury utilizes the luxuries of life in America today, in additionto various occupations and technological advances, to show what lifecould be like if the future takes a drastic turn for the worse. Heturns mans best friend, the dog, against man, changes the role ofpublic servants and changes the value of a person. Aldous Huxley also uses the concept of society out of control inhis science fiction novel Brave New World. Written late in his career,Brave New World also deals with man in a changed society. Huxley askshis readers to look at the role of science and literature in thefuture world, scared that it may be rendered useless and discarded. Unlike Bradbury, Huxley includes in his book a group of peopleunaffected by the changes in society, a group that still has religiousbeliefs and marriage, things no longer part of the changed society, tocompare and contrast todays culture with his proposed futuristicculture. But one theme that both Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 use incommon is the theme of individual discovery by refusing to accept apassive approach to life, and refusing to conform. In addition, therefusal of various methods of escape from reality is shown to be apath to discovery. In Brave New World, the main characters of BernardMarx and the Savage boy John both come to realize the faults withtheir own cultures. In Fahrenheit 451 Guy Montag begins to discoverthat things could be better in his society but, sue to someuncontrollable events, his discover happens much faster than it wouldhave. He is forced out on his own, away from society, to live withothers like himself who think differently that the society does. Marx, from the civilized culture, seriously questions the lack ofhistory that his society has. He also wonders as to the lack of books,banned because they were old and did not encourage the new culture. Byvisiting a reservation, home of an uncivilized culture of savages,he is able to see first hand something of what life and society use tobe like. Afterwards he returns and attempts to incorporate some ofwhat he saw into his work as an advertising agent. As a result withthis contrast with the other culture, Marx discovers more abouthimself as well. He is able to see more clearly the things that hadalways set him on edge: the promiscuity, the domination of thegovernment and the lifelessness in which he lived. (Allen)John, often referred to as the Savage because he was able toleave the reservation with Marx to go to London to live with him, alsohas a hard time adjusting to the drastic changes. The son of twomembers of the modern society but born and raised on the reservation,John learne d from his mother the values and the customs of thecivilized world while living in a culture that had much differentvalues and practices. Though his mother talked of the promiscuity thatshe had practiced before she was left on the reservation (she wasaccidentally left there while on vacation, much as Marx was) and didstill practice it, John was raised, thanks to the people around him,with the belief that these actions were wrong. Seeing his mother actin a manner that obviously reflected different values greatly affectedand hurt John, especially when he returned with Marx to London. Johnloved his mother, but he, a hybrid of the two cultures, was stuck inthe middle. (May)These concepts, human reaction to changes in their culture andquestioning of these changes, are evident throughout the book. .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 , .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .postImageUrl , .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 , .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6:hover , .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6:visited , .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6:active { border:0!important; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6:active , .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6 .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9b832778fd5c042a3bfe52565c4d1ac6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poverty and Child Development EssayHuxleys characters either conform to societys demands for uniformityor rebel and begin a process of discovery; there are no people in themiddle. By doing so, Huxley makes his own views of man and societyevident. He shows that those who conform to the brave new worldbecome less human, but those who actively question the new values ofsociety discover truth about the society, about themselves, and aboutpeople in general. An example of this is Huxleys views of drugs as anescape. The conforming members of society used widely a drug calledsoma, which induces hallucinations and escapes from the consciousworld for two to eight hour periods. Those very few who didnt, Johnincluded, mainly did not because they thought the drug either uncleanor an easy escape, one not needed in a society aiming at making lifevery simple. By refusing to go along in this escape from reality,John is ultimately able to break from society and define his owndestiny. In Fahrenheit 451 Guy Montag, the main character, is able to seethrough the government and the official policies of his society. Hedoes so by gradually beginning to question certain aspect of societywhich most simply accept as fact. Montags job as a fireman serves asa setting to show how many people passively accept the absurdity oftheir society. Instead of rushing to put out fires, as firemen todaydo, Montag rushes to start fires, burning the books and homes ofpeople reported to have books. This was considered by most people tobe a respectable profession. But on different occasions Montag took abook out of burning homes and would from time to time read them. Fromthis, he begins to to question the values of his society. Montags marriage also serves a setting to contrast passiveacceptance versus questioning of societys values. His marriage isnot the happy kind that couples today experience but more like acoexistence. He and his wife live together and he supports her, thoughhe apparently neither loves her a great deal or expects her to lovehim. This relationship and living arrangement, with its lack of love,is Bradburys way of showing what life could be like if people notonly stop communicating but stop thinking and choosing, thus loosingcontrol over their lives. Montag and his wife continue to livetogether though people in that situation today would not hesitate toterminate such a relationship. Montags wife apparently accepts thisrelationship because it is normal for the society in which she lives. (Wolfheim)Works CitedAllen, Walter The Modern Novel. Dutton, 1964May, Keith M. Aldous Huxley. Paul Elek Books Ltd., 1972Wolfheim, Donald The Universe Makers. Harper and Row, 1971

The Definition of a Definitional Essay Topic

The Definition of a Definitional Essay TopicFor those who do not understand the term 'definitional essay'argumentative essay,' what are these very words and phrases? They are simply the type of essay that you need to write if you wish to formulate an argument against a certain idea.If you wish to express your exact criticism against a certain idea, as well as your full argument, the discussion on how to formulate such an essay is what you should think about. This article will give you more information on what an argumentative essay is, in general, as well as discussing different kinds of definitional essay topics and what you need to do to achieve it.In your definition of this topic, you must include the basic content of the argument you want to make. Be sure that your main point is based on actual proof. Don't just label your opinion as a matter of common sense, because the truth lies somewhere in between these two things.Always remember that the truth is important to the success of your essay because you want to be the only one to take responsibility for whatever your opinion is. Don't say something without facts and you will never get to try to prove the statement. An effective essay is one that is based on reality and not on mere supposition.In other words, what you should have in mind in the actual definition of your topic is that you cannot simply make a guess about what your opponent is doing. A real argument means being able to put your ideas into a proper perspective. You cannot just say something and assume that everything else follows automatically.There are many different types of definitional essay topics. It is also important to know what kind of truth to show. For example, do you have an opinion about the Holocaust? Your statement can be based on some facts, or it can also be an opinion based on your observations, and nothing more.If you want to impress others, which most of us do, then you should strive to produce more informative articles. Thes e topics are the best ones to start. After all, this is a topic that will help you succeed in life.

2000 Presidential Election Reactions †Political Science Essay

2000 Presidential Election Reactions – Political Science Essay Free Online Research Papers 2000 Presidential Election Reactions Political Science Essay After viewing both Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election and Searching for the roots of 9/11, Ive come to many realizations as to how politics may have an effect on my life. Witnessing both videos, as well as, personal reflection has driven me to wonder the likelihood of my future ballots being counted, how natives of other countries will view me, as well as, how I myself view my own country. As one of the newest members on the delayed entry program for the United States Army, I need to put serious thought into all three issues. A new concern for my future voting ballots has arisen ever since the scandals of the 2000 presidential election. This year I will be able to vote at the polls, but I fear that in my future, while in the army, I may have to vote using many absentee ballots. Judging by the number of absentee ballots that was never accounted for in the 2000 election, it forces me to wonder whether or not my ballot may also be overlooked when it comes time to decide the next president. I would like to think that as a soldier of this country, my vote would be an essential voice for the masses, as well as, for the country I am deployed to. We are not only voting for ourselves, but for others across the globe. This leads me to my next major issue. Another concern of mine is what the natives of other countries, particularly in the Middle East, might think of me, as a soldier, after our own reactions to 9/11. It would make the lives of our heroic soldiers much safer if the natives of other countries thought of them as heroes as well. We cannot be the only ones worldwide to think we are doing what is just and right. To achieve this would prove to be extremely difficult, but if everyone, inside and outside the US, would be more open-minded to other cultures and even perhaps sympathetic towards their needs, then wed be well on our way. Global peace must first be presented by example, and that will become possible when the foundations of our country (ie: the citizens) are not shaking with doubt. My own beliefs for my country have recently gone through questioning due to recent US actions following the 9/11 attacks. I for one, am all for patriotic beliefs and attitudes. Yet there is, and always has been, a fine line between patriotism and racism. We can ill afford showing the world that we have no care for their needs and cultures. Thinking we are superior to all others because of our economic and political stature is not only wrong but an open invitation for all others to resent us. As the only superpower, if any, in the world, we must stand as examples and helpers to those in need of assistance. Looking poorly on others and turning the other way because it does not effect us is naivety at its best. The conclusions I have come to after viewing both eye opening films should be evident not only to myself, but others should be as enlightened as I have. All future voters must show some concern for their ballot if they truly wish to ensure their say in the future president, we must also be sensitive to those natives of all foreign countries, as well as, truly re-evaluating whether or not our country is in the right, or the wrong. Research Papers on 2000 Presidential Election Reactions - Political Science EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

the yellow wallpaper

the yellow wallpaper the yellow wallpaper Carolina Rodriguez Sylvia Herrera English Literature 16 September 2014 Respond Paper: The Yellow Wallpaper The yellow wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, this book is known for its feminists literary ties. The narrator wrote this during the Victorian Era. An era full of constrictment towards women.The story is a set of journals written from the point of view of a woman undergoing a -mental breakdown- defined as what we call "postpartum depression.† Gilman experiences oppression by marriage, society standards and her confinement in life. Her husband and physician prescribed her â€Å"the bed rest cure† which consists of isolation, confinement to bed, avoidance of any physical activity , and she is especially forbidden from working and writing. In the contrary, the narrator feels that activity, freedom, and interesting work would help her get better and writes that she has begun her secret journal in order to â€Å"relieve her mind.† (Gilman 376) It is not that Gilman's husband is evil, John does loves her very de arly as he expresses over and over again, but seems to be wrapped around society standards. Gilman describes the room where she is to stay as a former nursery room where bars adorn the windows, the bed is nailed to the floor "looks as if it had been through the wars.† But she doesn’t mind that a bit "only the paper.† (Gilman 379) A yellow wallpaper covers the walls which she is repelled by. She then obsesses about the paper in which she sees frightful patterns and an imprisoned female figure trying to escape. As this story is from the Victorian Era , it reveals a lot of what women at the time were going through. Women had not yet been given the right to vote, they were to only care for the house the children and the husband, nothing else. Many of them felt trapped, metaphorically as if behind a wallpaper, like the narrator portrays. This is a story about what it really means to redefining yourself in literature in the process of writing in circumstances which are not considered normal. The narrator, through her journals, provides a lot of room for speculations that she is insane and though that it may be true, she is insane by the conventional standard. In the process of seeing a woman in the wallpaper she is seeing herself. Gillman new from the very beginning, she had something. "You see he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do?" (Gilman 376) She is aware that she is not well and clearly wishes to be well again but her husband John is choosing to ignore her plea. She herself is baffled at her husband for his negligence, â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression- a slight hysterical tendency what is one to do?† (Gilmans 376). It is clear that she feels so alone due to her troubles since she spends every day of her treatment in seclusion inside the â€Å"atrocious nursery† (Gilman 377). What it was first a postpartum depression emerged to a mental illness. She was trapped not only within herself but also physically found herself stuck in a room that gave her no room to overcome her depression the way that she knew she should. She becomes private, hiding her interest in the paper and making sure no one else examines it so tha t she can â€Å"find it out† on her own what the markings meant. John thinks she is improving. But she sleeps less and less. The narrator describes her life at first as a vivid girl, but as she keeps writing, she describes herself as miserable. The pattern on the wallpaper remind her how she is trap in the house. As the pattern repasts and does not have a beginning or an end, her life does not have a meaning. She have dreams of being a writer but is unable to write because John hate when she writes. She knows she is to become a something in life, and enjoy her child through her depression. Gillman's insanity

Strategic Management Business & Management Case Study

Strategic Management Business & Management - Case Study Example The company did not respond to the changing management needs and continued to pay heavy packages to its workers and coupled with low response to fashion changes, it has lost its customers confidence. JZ Benny did not respond to the competitive edge that the new entrants like Spanish El Dorado and Scandinavian Helgar were employing. It remained static in the fashion outsourcing even when its competitors changed to fast fashion model shops. While the competitors outsourced their fashions from Eastern Europe, JZ Benny instead rushed to China and South East Asia which sold at low cost. Thinking this as a cost advantage over the rivals, it turned out to be a stock burden for the company since they had to buy in bulk and hence were left with indispensable stock at the end of the season. This was a miscalculated marketing strategy resulting from inefficient market analysis. The company failed to keep up with its competitors who resulted to e-supply chain which enabled them to connect the customers with the designers hence placed in the market what the customer preferred. This ensured that they were always ahead of other retailers since they stocked what the customers liked. JZ Benny saw a management gap and responded by fishing Bob D'Saster from competitor Helgar Fashions. As the CEO of JZ Benny, D'Saster was confident that cost cutting measures and investment in technology would turn the chain around to start making profit. Cost cut measures were implemented leading to layoff of about 20% of the staff and heavy investment in RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags to help in improving the Barcode Inventory Processing. However this did not help the company and the AGM dismissed D'Saster and placed John Hammond as the CEO. As expressed by Courtney et al., 1997, the case of JZ Benny is a management problem. The company has been under a management that does not recognized that the company is in a dynamic industry which is highly competitive. Fashion industry has seen a lot of revolution and even the giants in Paris and Milan have not been spared. With the rise of USA and ASIA and fashion centres of the world, the company needs to wake up to the changes taking place in the market. As part of the strategic management, the company should first embrace the e-commerce models to have more links between designers and customers. It should also look into expansion strategy to widen its operation base. This model should be in line with the following analysis of the business and its operation environment. The company should not be disposed to tycoon McQueen since it can use this proposed model to turn round its fortunes. (Michael and Jude, 1997) External Analysis (a) Political The company operates in an enabling political environment. The fusion of the political and business environment is suitable for its operation. The business commission has already barred McQueen from acquiring the company as per its rules. With the formation of the European Union the company should

Small Business Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Small Business Management - Assignment Example Keeping the objective in mind the study looks to analyze the cafe and restaurant market of Sydney, Australia. In order to conduct the feasibility study, methodical analysis of the market condition is required. Market conditions tend to have significant effect on the viability of a business. While conducting market analysis certain strategic tools are required. Keeping the objective in mind PEST analysis of Australia has been conducted. Special emphasis has been to the city of Sydney while conducting a PEST analysis. A part from this the 4 P’s of marketing has also been used to provide a future action plan. The in-depth analysis has been punctuated with a brief market audit of the Australian Restaurant and cafe market to analyze the present and future market scenario as well as growth opportunities.However the preference of gourmet coffee among of the coffee has been quite evidently visible. This is largely due to the fact that the Aussies view quality coffee like a luxury prod uct at an affordable price. If numbers are to be believed more than one billion cups of coffee have been sold in Australia. The percentage of out of home consumption of coffee has seen a steady rise. According to analysts as the economic conditions are set for improvements, steady growth of the cafe and restaurant business is expected over the course of next five years and so. Such growth is applicable as there is likely to be presence of both international players as well as other franchises. This discussion outlines that competitive Landscape The cafe and restaurant industry of Australia can be tagged as highly competitive. The main reasons can be presumed as very low barriers to entry. Add to that the industry is believed to be highly fragmented. According to reports the major players hold less than ten percent of the total market share. The small players enjoy a fair share of success as the 91% of the food chain businesses have less than fifty employees. There exists strong pres ence of franchisee model or any equivalent business strategy. Companies like McCafe, Coffee club, Hudsons Coffee, out back Jacks, etc. have set up strong and successful franchisee models in Australia. The companies mainly compete on the merit of quality, price and customer service. Growth Opportunities The key to the success in Aussie restaurant and Cafe business is to understand the customers and providing the customers something unique.  

Emotion Recognition System for Affective Text

Emotion Recognition System for Affective Text K.Thendral, Dr.S.Chitrakala, S.P.Surendernath ABSTRACT: Mining social emotions deals with a new aspect for categorizing the document based on the emotions such as happy, sad, sympathy, etc., theyhelp online users to select related documents based on their emotional preferences. Aiming to find the connections between social emotions and affect terms and thus predict the social feeling from text content mechanically. Joint emotion-topic model by augmenting Latent Dirichlet Allocation with an additional layer for emotion modelling initially generates a group of latent topics from emotions, followed by generating affect terms from every topic. The techniques involved in this are emotion term model, topic model and emotion topic model. The emotion-topic model utilizes the complementary advantages of both emotion term model and topic model,and is not only effective in extracting the meaningful latent topics, but also improves the performance of social emotion prediction. Keywords – Affective Text,Emotion-topic model, Latent Dirichilet Allocation. 1. INTRODUCTION: An emotion is a Meta communicative pictorial representation of a facial expression which in the absence of body language and probably draw to serve a receiver’s attention to the tenor or temper of a sender’s nominal verbal communication, changing and improving its interpretation. It expresses-usually by means of punctuation marks – a person’s feelings or mood and can include numbers and letters. The interrelation of text and emotions has been a captivating topic for centuries. What makes people feel what they read? How is the writer’s emotion conveyed in a text? How can we write to communicate an emotional message more clearly? A number of researchers have attempted to obtain answers to these questions for a long time and there is an enormous amount of literature on techniques and devices for emotion detection. (Bloom, Garg, Argamon, 2007;) Two attempts to measure emotions are based on two different models: dimensional and categorical. In the categorical model emotions are labelled, say that a person is â€Å"happy† or â€Å"sad†and people get a sense of what others mean. In the dimensional model the representation is using multidimensional scaling (e.g. â€Å"pleasant-unpleasant†, â€Å"excitement†, and â€Å"yielding-resisting†). In the affective computing domain, supervised learning techniques are preferred due to strong performance. However, a challenge to using supervised techniques is the need for corpora with text that has been annotated with emotion labels. These are time consuming and expensive to produce. Unsupervised techniques do not have these requirements but are often less precise. 2. RELATED WORK Many methods have been proposed to mine emotions from the text and social networks. Affective text mining deals with mining emotions from affective words. SemEval introduced a task named â€Å"affective text† in 2007 [2], aiming to annotate short headline texts with a predefined list of emotions and/or polarity orientation (positive/negative).There is a large body of previous work on mining affective content from text documents, product reputation mining [10], customer opinionextraction/summarization[11], [12], and sentiment classification [13]. However, none of these studies explores the connection between social emotions and affective terms. An online system Mood Views has also been developed for tracking and searching emotion annotated blog posts [12], [13], [14], [15]. The posts are published with an indicator of the â€Å"current mood† of the blogger, at the time of posting the blog. Mood-Views is a platform for collecting, analyzing, and displaying aggregate moods in the blog space. Launched in mid-2005, Mood Views continuously collects these emotion indications, as well as the blog posts themselves, and provides a number of services. Despite the success of previous work on emotion prediction, existing approaches usually model documents under the â€Å"bag-of-word† assumption, so that the relationship across words is not taken into account. This also prevents us from further understanding the connections between emotions and contents in the topic level, because it is arguable that emotions should be linked to specificdocument topics. D.M. Blei, A.Y. Ng, and M.I. Jordan [8] proposed Latent Dirichlet Allocation generative probabilistic model for collections of discrete data such as text corpora. LDA is a three-level hierarchical Bayesian model, in which each item of a collection is modelled as a finite mixture over an underlying set of topics. Each topic is, in turn, modelled as an infinite mixture over an underlying set of topic probabilities. In the context of text modelling, the topic probabilities provide an explicit representation of a document. Joint latent topic model for text and citations [8].The Pairwise-Link-LDA model combines the ideas of LDA [4] and Mixed Membership Block Stochastic Models [1] and allows modelling arbitrary link structure. However, the model is computationally expensive, since it involves modelling the presence or absence of a citation (link) between every pair of documents. The second model solves this problem by assuming that the link structure is a bipartite graph. As the name indicates, Link-PLSA-LDA model combines the LDA and PLSA models into a single graphical model. I. Titov and R. McDonald [8] proposed statistical model which is able to discover corresponding topics in text and extract textual evidence from reviews supporting each of these aspect ratings – a fundamental problem in aspect-based sentiment summarization. Achieve high accuracy, without any labelled data except the user opinion ratings. Rosen-Zvi et al. [3] merged author factors with document generation to jointly estimate document contents as well as author interests. From the perspective of model generation, their author variable shares some similarity with the emotion variable in this model. The key difference lies in different sampling distributions. Their author variable is chosen uniformly from a set of authors while emotion variable is sampled from multinomial distributions by the emotions contributed by web users. 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM An online text collection D is associated with a vocabulary W,and a set of predefined emotions E. Comparing the extracted and optimized content with the already founded latent topics that relating to the extracted and optimized content with the already founded latent topics that relating to each emotion. Based on the result we are finding which emotion the particular content represents. Based on the user emotion requests the categorized content will display. Objective is to accurately model the connections between words and emotions, and improve the performance of its related tasks such as emotion prediction. Both the emotion –term model and emotion-topic model can be applied to emotion prediction by estimating their probability to evaluate their prediction performance.In this paper, proposing a joint emotion-topic model for social affective text mining, which introduces an additional layer of emotion modelling into Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Proposed model follows a three-step generation process for affective terms, which first generates an emotion from a document-specific emotional distribution, then generates a latent topic from a Multinomial distribution conditioned on emotions, and finally generates document terms from another Multinomial distribution based on latent topics. Because its exact inference is intractable, developing an approximate inference method based on Gibbs sampling. For social emotionprediction, the proposed model outperforms the emotion term model, term-based SVM model, and topic-based SVM model significantly. 3.1 EMOTION TERM MODEL Emotion-term model,follows the Naive Bayes method by assuming words are independently generated from social emotion labels. It generates each word wi of document d in two sampling steps, i.e., sample an emotion ei according to the emotion frequency count d, and sample a word wi given the emotion under the conditional probability P (w|e). The model parameters can be learned by maximum likelihood estimation. It can be formally derived based on the word and emotion frequency counts. To use the emotion-term models for predicting emotion on a new document d, apply the Bayes theorem (1)under the term independence assumption. P (e|d) = P(d|e) ÃŽ ± P (d | e) P(e)(1) P(d) where P(e) is the a priori probability of emotion e. It can again be calculated by maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) from the emotion distribution of the entire collection. 3.2 TOPIC MODEL Many topic models have been proposed and well-studied in previous work, of which, LDA [8] is one of the most successful models. LDA addresses the over fitting problem faced by other models like pLSI by introducing a Dirichlet prior over topics and words. Although LDA can only discover the topics from document and cannot bridge the connection between social emotion and affective text, for the ease of understanding in the following description, a simple review of LDA is here. In the first study of LDA, proposed a convexity-based variation inference method for inference and parameter estimation under LDA. P(zi=j|z-i,w)ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ² + ÃŽ ± (2) + | W | ÃŽ ² +|Z| ÃŽ ± where n-i means the count that does not include the current assignment of zi, is the number of times word w has been assigned to topic j, and is the number of times a word from document d has been assigned to topic j. Fig.1. Proposed System Architecture 3.3 EMOTION TOPIC MODEL Emotion-term model simply treats terms individually and cannot discover the contextual information within the document. While topic model utilizes the contextual information within the documents, it fails to utilize the emotional distribution to guide the topic generation. In this paper, proposing a new approach called emotion topic model. The importance of this latent topic generation in the affective text mining is very much Likewise, different latent topics are discovered based on the emotions involved in it. Those latent topics should be collected together as a whole so that whenever needed it can be referred. After collecting each and every topic, it should be categorized on the basis of the different emotions such as love, happy, sad, sympathy, worry etc..They are used to select the document based on the preference assigned to the emotions. Relate the social emotions with an affective term that predict the emotions automatically from the text. After collecting and categorizing each latent topic based on different emotions, are stored to check with the extracted content. Then the topics are compared with the extracted content as a result of which it will generate topics and get processed. For each word the posterior distribution on emotion â€Å"Æ Ã¢â‚¬  and topic â€Å"z† based on the following conditional probabilities which can be derived by the following equations (3). P(Æ i=e|ÃŽ ³, Æ -i, z, w;ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ²) ÃŽ ± ÃŽ ±+* ÃŽ ³ di,e(3) |z|ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ³di,eà ªÃ… ¾Ã…’ Where e and z are the candidate emotion and topic for sampling.di D indicates the document from which current word wi is sampled.is the number of times topic z has been assigned to emotion e. 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS This section presents the experimental results on both joint emotion topic modelling and its application to emotion prediction .News articles were collected from the news portal and the input data’s are pre-processed to remove stem and stop words and perform tagging to extract the explicit words.Word frequency, document frequency were calculated. Emotion term model performs calculating word frequency and the emotion frequency count and the corresponding terms and emotion were obtained. (a) Topic modelling which generates set of topics for the input documentConsists of the word and associated topic. (b) Emotion topic model bridges the connection between words and the emotion with the associated topic. (c) The standard parameters which are used for experimental evaluation are precision,recall and accuracy.Precision is defined as number of retrieved relevant documents divided by total number of retrieved documents and the recall is the number of retrieved relevant document divided by total number of relevant documents in the database. Accuracy can be calculated as relevant document retrieved in top T returns divided by T. Precision = Number of retrieved relevant document Total number of retrieved documents Recall = Number of retrieved relevant document Total number of relevant documents Accuracy = Relevant documents retrieved in top T T (d) Emotion Distribution (e)Precision, recall and f-score Fig.2.(a)Emotion term model (b) Topic model (c) Emotion topic model(d) Emotion distribution(e)Precision, recall 5.CONCLUSION This paper, presents and analyse a new problem called social affective text mining, which aims to discover and model the connections between online documents and user-generated social emotions. To this end, proposing a new joint emotion-topic model by augmenting Latent Dirichlet Allocation with an intermediate layer for emotion modelling. Rather than emotion term model that treats each term in the document individually and LDA topic model that only utilizes the text co-occurrence information, emotion-topic model allows associating the terms and emotions via topics which is more flexible and has better modelling capability. REFERENCES [1] R. Cai, C. Zhang, C. Wang, L. Zhang,  Music Recommendation Using Emotional  Allocation,†Proc. 15th Int’l Conf. Multimedia, pp. 553-556, 2007. [2] C. Strapparava and R. Mihalcea,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Semeval-2007 Task 14: Affective Text,†Ã‚  Proc. Fourth Int†¢fl Workshop Semantic  Evaluations (SemEval‘07), pp. 70-74, 2007. [3] C. Yang, K.H.-Y. Lin, and H.-H. Chen,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Emotion Classification Using Web Blog  Corpora,† Proc. IEEE/WIC/ACM Int†¢fl  Conf. Web Intelligence (WI ‘07), pp. 275-  278, 2007. [4] C.O. Alm, D. Roth, and R. Sproat,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Emotions from Text: Machine Learning for Text-Based Emotion Prediction,† Proc. Joint Conf. 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